Urinary tract

Urinary tract infection, symptoms of which are quite difficult to miss, can often knock out even completely healthy person for a few days. It may even lead to temporary disability. Causes of urinary tract infections are very simple – in most cases the causative agent of disease is E. coli, which occurs abundantly in the area around the anus, where non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene can enter the urinary tract and even the kidneys, causing inflammation, known as pyelonephritis. In order to correctly and accurately diagnose and prescribe an effective treatment, it is necessary to conduct a thorough examination of the patient. Of course, you can focus on the symptoms of urinary tract infections – a sharp pain, particularly the increasing urination, burning, cutting, frequent urge to the toilet with small portions of urine. If you find these symptoms, you should see a doctor, and immediately go to bed. However, in some cases, the disease is asymptomatic, and the infection can be detected by laboratory analysis of urine.

Of particular danger is posed by a urinary tract infection in girls as in connection with the structural features of the female genitourinary pathogens from urinary tract infections can get into the kidneys and cause more serious complications, down to pyelonephritis.

All of these features relate to this type of infection as uncomplicated urinary tract infection. These include acute cystitis, prostatitis and primary pyelonephritis. But there are also complicated by infection, which is characteristic of the development of purulent inflammations and complications, up to sepsis. Of course, it is better to prevent disease than to treat it, so prevention of urinary tract infections is necessary. The first is personal hygiene (especially the ladies) as well as prevention of hypothermia and strengthening the body’s immune.

Urinary tract infection is quite serious and fairly common problem that is faced by millions of people every year. It is the second most common illness associated with infection. Each year about 8.3 million of patients address physicians with this pathology. Urogenital infection occurs more frequently among women, than among men. For example, one woman may develop up to five episodes of the progression of a urinary tract infection during her lifetime. Despite the lower incidence of this disease among men, it is more prone to prolonged and severe nature of infection with the possible development of more frequent complications.

The only true way to cure this pathology is the purpose properly selected antibiotics. This helps the doctors to conduct the test antibiotics susceptibility of microorganisms. The most commonly used antibiotics are as follows: trimethoprim (Trimpex), trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra, Cotrim), amoxicillin (Amoxil, Trimox, Wymox), nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin, Furadantin) or ampicillin (Omnipen, Polycillin, Principen, Totacillin .) There is also a widely used class of antibiotics, which is known as fluoroquinolones. It includes ofloxacin (Floxin), norfloxacin (Noroxin), ciprofloxacin (Cipro), and Trovan.

Most often for the relief of the infectious process one or two weeks of antibiotic therapy is enough, but the treatment time increases with protracted nature of the infection and the presence of comorbidities, such as for example kidney stones, diabetes, prostate cancer pathology and anomalies in the structure of the excretory system. The most difficult and lengthy is the treatment of infections caused by chlamydia and mycoplasma. In the treatment of these agents tetracycline, trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole (TMP / SMZ), or doxycycline are used.

Inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract are the most common of gynecological and urological pathologies. They may lead to many consequences, such as infertility, impaired potency, ejaculation and orgasm, menstrual disorders, ectopic pregnancy, impaired urination, persistent and debilitating pain, tumor processes.

All of inflammatory diseases of urogenital manifestations of luminance and duration of the process can be divided into two groups – acute and chronic.

By the nature of the pathogen, we can distinguish specific and nonspecific process. The specific one cause s inflammation due to gonococcus (gonorrhea), pale treponema (syphilis), trichomonas (trichomoniasis), chlamydia (chlamydia), ureaplasma and mycoplasma (mycoplasmosis), Koch’s bacillus (TB), herpes viruses, cytomegalovirus, papilloma viruses, fungi of the genus Candida (candidiasis or thrush), and others. Nonspecific inflammation can be caused by an entire army of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms, the most common of which are E. coli, enterococci, staphylococci, streptococci, Proteus, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and gardnerella.

Depending on the location of the inflammatory process following diseases may be caused.

Men:

• Prostatitis – inflammation of the prostate
• Vesicles – an inflammatory disease of the seminal vesicles
• Kollikulit – an inflammation of the seminal tubercle
• Urethritis – inflammation of urethra, which may be anterior, posterior, or total (ie, cover the entire channel)
• Cystitis – Inflammation of bladder
• Pyelonephritis – inflammation of kidneys
• Balanoposthitis – inflammation of the foreskin and the glans penis
• Orchitis – an inflammatory disease of testicles
• Epididymitis – an inflammatory disease of epididymis

Women:

• Vaginitis, vaginosis – inflammation of vagina
• Urethritis – inflammation of urethra
• Cystitis – inflammation of bladder
• Endometritis – an inflammatory disease of uterus
• Salpingitis – inflammation of uterine (fallopian) tube
• Oophoritis – inflammation of ovary
• Bartholinitis – inflammation of glands bartolinevyh
• Pyelonephritis – inflammation of kidneys

Manifestations of inflammatory genitourinary organs are diverse and depend on the localization of the process. The classic signs of inflammation are pain, redness, swelling, fever, and impaired function of the affected organ.